Anti-embolism stockings are hosiery products that help reduce the threat of blood clots forming in the legs. Anti-embolism stockings improve blood circulation in the leg veins by applying graduated compression. Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is a blood clot in the vein. When the blood clot is formed in deep veins of the legs it is called Deep Vein Thrombosis. If the clot somehow travels and reaches the lungs it is called Pulmonary Embolism.

What causes Thromboembolism?

• Lying or sitting in the same place for a long period of time, the blood flow speed through the legs becomes slower which may cause it to clot.
• Inactivity, the effects of certain drugs, muscle relaxants, or anesthetics can cause the veins to become wider and tear. Blood clots are more likely to adhere to the tears in the wall of the vein.
• Changes can occur in the way blood clots. Certain medications and inactivity may change blood’s normal coagulation process, leading to blood clots.

Why to wear Anti-Embolism Stockings?

Stockings are the elastic garment that is worn around the leg. Anti-embolism stockings are effective in curing Thromboembolism. These specially designed stockings apply appropriate pressure on legs varying from 8mmHg to 50mmHg, which help prevent the occurrence of and guard against further progression of venous disorders such as edema, phlebitis, and thrombosis.

For how long should you wear it?

The duration may differ according to the severity and the recommendation of your healthcare professional. It could be 2 weeks or more. After surgery, it is recommended to wear anti-embolism stockings until you are able to move around freely and comfortably. Compression stockings come in a variety of sizes, lengths, and colors. They’re also available with different strengths of compression. You may need to wear them on both the legs or on just one leg. You should wear your compression stockings during the day and take them off before going to bed. Put them on again in the morning.

Cleaning and Caring of Stockings

Clean it frequently enough to remove the natural bodily secretions and skin flakes, which if you let it remain may cause the damage to stockings fiber and decrease the life span of the garment. You should choose two stockings keeping in mind that you are wearing one and the other is on reserve that you can wear when you are washing what you are currently wearing. Hand wash your stockings at about 40 °C /104F (comfortable hand temperature) and dry them away from direct heat in the air.

How to put on the Stockings?

Step 1: Insert your hand and grab the stocking at the top of heel pocket.
Step 2: While still holding the heel pocket turn the top of the stocking down toward the toe.
Step 3: Open the stocking and slide your foot in until your toe and heel are positioned in place.
Step 4: Grab the top of your stocking and pull up over your ankle and calf.
Step 5: For optimal fit ensure that the material is evenly distributed on the leg by massaging the garment into place.
Step 6: You’ll know it is on correctly when it is about 2 finger widths below to the bend of your knee.

Who can wear them?

Nurses, flight attendants, and salespeople working for long hour shifts can wear them comfortably. Even people while traveling choose to wear it. Ladies who have undergone C-section (Caesarean section) can also wear anti-embolism stockings.

Who should not?

Stockings are not recommended for patients with the following:

• Any local leg condition in which stockings would interfere, such as dermatitis, immediate post-operative vein ligation, gangrene, or a recent skin graft.
• Severe arteriosclerosis or another ischemic vascular disease.
• Massive edema (swelling) of legs or pulmonary edema from congestive heart failure.
• Extreme deformity of the leg.

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Why physiotherapy Treatment?

This may be by stretching, strengthening, relearning movement patterns, manipulation, massage or by using some electrotherapeutic modalities such as ultrasound or interferential, and sometimes acupuncture. These may be used in conjunction with injection where appropriate.

Whatever is eventually used nothing is done until a comprehensive examination and assessment is carried out. This may take up to an hour. It is usual for people to be taught a little about the mechanism of their problem so that they can see the purpose of various exercises they will almost inevitably be asked to do.

In some instances supportive or corrective taping may be used for a time and if this is a long term problem patients will be shown how to do this for themselves.

Insoles may be fitted when there is a need for correcting foot position, as well as other supports, braces etc needed for some conditions.

Basic biomecanics are explained and are extremely helpful in dealing with most problems, ergonomic advice for work, home and the sport environment are equally important.

Physiotherapy may be appropriate in the following situations:

• Sprains or strains of any joint or muscle
• Muscle aches
• Neck or back pain
• Following fractures
• Following surgery, including joint replacement.
• Incontinence and pelvic floor muscle dysfunction
• Falls and balance problems
• Strokes, Parkinsons and Multiple Sclerosis

PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT FOR ACHIEVING PERSONAL SPORT CHALLENGES

Mostly, people come to see a physiotherapist if they have injured themselves. Many people ignore regular niggling pain during or after exercise. However, you don’t need to have any pain at all. Most likely the pain is a result of overtraining certain muscle groups compared to other ones, changing movement patterns after injury or poor posture. For example, think about how your gait changes after a twisted ankle.

We can examine you, and once we know what your problem is, can design an exercise program for you to deal with your particular problem. The benfits are quickly noticable and once achieved you will be able to train painfree and push yourself to a new “personal best”.

We can also work preventatively. Regular ‘body service’ prevents possible injuries. “It’s like teeth. If a dentist maintains your oral health, they can prevent a cavity from occuring”.

Varicose Veins Stockings.

Can Varicose Veins Stockings help ?

They improve circulation and are a mainstay of treatment for varicose veins that are causing symptoms. (Mild varicose veins that are not causing symptoms don’t need treatment.) Compression stockings are tightest at the foot. … Doctors often recommend that you wear the stockings during the day to help relieve symptoms.

• For very mild symptoms, you may  start out using class one, knee-highs (which end just above the calf, below the knee) or thigh length depending on where the veins manifest. You may find that these help swelling and aching considerably.
• For more serious symptoms, you may be required to buy class two or three compression stockings which are more tight (with a doctor’s prescription).

Varicose Veins Stockings can be hard to put on, and it may take you awhile to get used to wearing them all day. But if they fit right, they should be snug but comfortable. If you have problems wearing the stockings.

Consider any problems you may have with compression stockings compared with the chance that they may help keep your problem from getting worse and may help you avoid surgery.

Avoid elastic bandages for varicose veins unless your doctor specifically suggests them. They can cut off blood flow and may make varicose veins worse. (If this type of bandage is recommended, ask how to wrap it.)

Symptoms of varicose veins

Management

Wearing Varicose Veins Stockings

You usually need to put your compression stockings on as soon as you get up in the morning and take them off when you go to bed.

They can be uncomfortable, particularly during hot weather, but it’s important to wear your stockings correctly to get the most benefit from them.

Pull them all the way up so the correct level of compression is applied to each part of your leg. Don’t let the stocking roll down, or it may dig into your skin in a tight band around your leg.

Caring for compression stockings

Varicose Veins Stockings usually have to be replaced every 3 to 6 months. If your stockings become damaged you might need a new pair because they may no longer be effective.

Its recommended that You have 2 stockings (or 2 sets of stockings if you’re wearing 1 on each leg) so that one stocking can be worn while the other is being washed and dried.

Varicose Veins Stockings should be hand washed in warm water and dried away from direct heat.

Cervical Motion: The Functional Objective of any Cervical Orthosis

Cervical Motion tenderness also cervical excitation is a sign found on pelvic examination suggestive of pelvic pathology.

First of all the functional objective of any cervical orthosis is to limit unwanted cervical spine motion. Motion control at the cervical spine is sought to ameliorate an array of problems which also vary in etiology and severity. Special cervical orthotic requirements may include one or more of the following.

• Realignment of the cervical spine.
• Motion control in flexion, extension, anterior or posterior displacement, lateral flexion, axial rotation, and modest un-weighting of the vertebrae.

Some common prescription criteria for use of a cervical orthosis are:

• post surgical management.
• immediate post-traumatic management.
• subluxations.
• degenerative diseases.
• management of pain secondary to a multitude of disorders.

Each disorder may also require one or more specific functions from a cervical orthosis.

In response to the different etiological factors and various manifestations of problems. Most notably, many categories and types of cervical orthoses have become available to the orthotist. In addition, the trends indicate a preference toward using prefabricated designs whenever possible. This has motivated manufacturers to also design and market many prefabricated cervical orthoses. Most prefabricated cervical orthoses allow for minor adjustments only and with each having its own inherent advantages and disadvantages.

Restricting Cervical Motion

Cervical orthosis therefore demonstrated statistically superior restriction of cervical motion in flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral tilt in comparison with the other four orthoses as a result studied in healthy volunteer.